Sinclair Why NAD + Declines during Aging: It’s Destroyed. Extracellular NAD+ enhances PARP-dependent DNA repair capacity independently of CD73 activity. Ferraris Peter Sykora Joel Andrews Jennifer Clark et al.

Anna Wilk Faisal Hayat Richard Cunningham Jianfeng Li Silvia Garavaglia Leila Zamani Davide M.

Katrina L Bogan Charles Brenner Nicotinic Acid, Nicotinamide, and Nicotinamide Riboside: A Molecular Evaluation of NAD+ Precursor Vitamins in Human Nutrition.

Collectively, our understanding of changes in NAD + levels in aging in rats is limited to only a few tissues or cell types, and the information appears to have derived from only two laboratories. The same group later demonstrated that induced cellular senescence of rat mesenchymal stem cells also resulted in a reduction in NAD +. It is noteworthy, however, that the mesenchymal stem cells were kept in culture prior to the assessment, which could, in principle, affect the outcomes. Similarly, isolated mesenchymal stem cells from young (1–2 months of age) and old (15–18 months of age) male Sprague Dawley rats also exhibited a reduction in NAD + levels with age. A follow-up study with a similar design revealed the same pattern of NAD + decline in four different brain regions: hippocampus, cortex, cerebellum and brainstem. They found that NAD + was reduced in liver, heart, kidney and lung of 24-month-old rats, compared to younger controls (3 and 12 months old, respectively). In one study, researchers compared female Wistar rats of different ages. Rats have not been studied extensively with regard to NAD + levels during aging.

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